Doping is especially used in sports that demands great powers and good endurance, like cycling, running, athletics and weightlifting/bodybuilding, but you see it in almost every sport.
Doping can be very dangerous, and in some cases it causes death.
In 2007 there were made a list over the drugs that are illegal outside and in competition. Here is a list over the most common illegal drugs:
Anabolic drugs
Hormones and similar drugs
Beta-2-agonists
Drugs with anti-estrogen effect
Increasing of oxygen – blood doping
Chemical and physical manipulation
Gene manipulation
In cycling, the most common drugs are blood doping and Erythropoietin, also called EPO.
Blood doping is a type of drug where you increase the level of red blood cells, and thereby increase the performance ability, without being tired.
EPO does the same as blood doping. It increases the amount of red blood cells. One of the side effects of the drug is that it increases the blood pressure, and therefore the risk of getting a thrombosis is a lot higher.
There have been several big scandals in cycling sport. A lot of the big cyclists have been doped in the Tour de France, for example Bjarne Riis, Bo Hamburger, Alexander Vinokurov, Brian Holm, Jesper Skibby and Eric Zabel. They all used EPO. In Tour de France 1998, a team called Festina was revealed as users of a great amount of EPO. Their hotel rooms were searched, and a large number of needles were found. The team was expelled from Tour de France, and the doctor of the team was arrested. Later that year the team was shut down. After that scandal, several countries made a doping policy, and the World Anti-Doping Agency, WADA, was established.
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