Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes various blood and heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke and rheumatic heart disease. These diseases lead to death and hospitalization of patients.
Biological Causes
CVD occurs as a result of atherosclerotic plague, clogged arteries due to blood clotting and wandering clot or rupture of a brain artery. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), on the other hand, is a disease that results from disorders that lead to a reduction of blood supply to heart muscles
Cardiovascular disease recurs when the inner layers of the artery walls of the heart become thick and the deposition of fatty cholesterol among other substances. The thickening of the artery walls can cause chest pain or shortness of breath. In most cases, the middle-aged and the elderly are the ones prone to CVD. CVD can be accelerated by diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. However, some of these causes can be prevented.
Atherosclerosis is the pathological process during which atheroma, also known as lipid-filled plague, develops within the intima of large and medium sized arteries, including the coronary vessels. Macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells that accumulate these plagues making them rupture hence triggering platelet activation and thrombus formation. This further causes luminal obstruction and reduction in the blood flow leading to coronary artery disease, a composite of cardiovascular disease.
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