Apartheid: Origin, Ideology, and Consequences

Apartheid means original 'separation' in Africa recognized the language of South Africa, and was up to the transition in the early 1990s used to describe the white population, economic, political and ideological domination of this country. Apartheid ideology representatives tried to justify the racist oppression, arguing that the different 'cultures' best developed separately, and that the proof of harmony is that everyone accepts his own races special place in society. The word 'apartheid' was really put into service in 1948, when it summed up the program, which the Nationalist Party victory rich went to the polls on. Apartheid's origin, however, may seek back in the first Dutch settlement in the mid-1600s, with the eradication of the local population and the introduction of the slave economy. Afrikaner extremist group's racism was simultaneously connected to a Calvinists perception of being a chosen people. Economic became the basis for apartheid intensified from the late 1800s with the emergence of a capitalist mode of production based on cheap black labour in mines and on the European estates. The final breakdown of South Africa in areas of black and white implemented in the first quarter of the 20th century, together with a number of laws which controlled labour. In the 1930s had racial segregation policy clear fascist expression. The ideological kinship was expressed as follows in 1942 by JB Vorst, who later became prime minister: 'We stand for Christian nationalism, an ally of National Socialism. You can call this anti-democratic principle of dictatorship, if you wish. In Italy it is called fascism, National Socialism in Germany and in South Africa Christian nationalism. After 1948 there was a systematization of apartheid ideology place, including through a network of laws, detailed regulation of the relationship between racial groups, expansion of a totalitarian state and the brutal repression of all opposition. Apartheid supporters' political hegemony after World War II, should be seen as an expression of class alliance within the white population. In the first years after 1945, the number of blacks who moved to cities very quickly, which represented a competition to white workers, a problem of supply of cheap labour for mines and estates, and a challenge to the profitability of capital through strikes and organized unions. Apartheid's response was that Africans could only have temporary residence in 'white areas', while they constituted a necessary manpower, and that they should be excluded from political and other rights. Instead had their original habitats have 'reserves' or' Bantustan ', which covered 13% of South Africa's land. (The black population accounted for 87%). Hundreds of thousands were later displaced to these areas, which served as residence for workers' families and a dumping ground for workers who were too old or worn out. In the apartheid ideology, they were also attributed importance as an ethnic / cultural reserve, and helped to channel opposition into more tribal as forms. The period of the 'clean' apartheid coincided with the strongest economic growth in South African history. Apartheid served in many ways as a functional system of control of the workforce, which both were large international capital into the country and allowed for a comprehensive industrial development. The protests from the growing militant opposition among blacks (especially uprisings in Soweto in 1976), and the unanimous in condemning in the international public opinion, created from the late 1970s, however, a pressure towards to modify some of the most apparent features of racist system.