Euclid from Alexandria , about 300 B.C., was a Greek mathematician, elderly than Archimedes, but younger than Eudoxos. Euclid's chief work Elements in 13 books were up to 1900'th century basis for any study of mathematics as a systematic deductive system. Book 1 and 2 therapist plans straight geometry, 3 circling, 4 regular polygons, 5 the theory of conditions (proportion), 6 plane geometry during use of conditions, 7-9 number theory, especially over prime number, 10 square incompatible line piece, 11 elementary space geometry, 12 the exhaustionsmetod and 13 regular polyhedrons. Later mathematicians added some 14'th and 15'th book.
In spite of the name the contents not everywhere are elementary, but a presentation at a high level of the Greek size teachings. Thus were a success the Euclid (on the shoulders of Eudoxos) that build up a mathematics, which only with the help of the natural numbers and relations medium- line piece are in a position to treat the continuum in its different geometrical dimension and operate with geometrical objects, "sizes", afterwards well-known arithmetic rules. With Euclid one doesn't find statements such as: "A triangle's area is the half height walks the basic line". He endeavoured to avoid the specification of lengths because of the occurrence of incompatible sizes. Euclid's dependence on predecessors, including the Babylonians, is evident, but difficult to document. Famous Euclidian statements are: parallel-postulated (book 1) (the conditions for that two- correct rule we meet) and the definitions on that two- conditions are the same, or that a conditions are bigger than another (book 5). Judging from these definitions one has made an exact introduction of the honest figures. Euclid's proof of Pythagoras' sentence over the rectangular triangle (1,47) are rightly renowned for one's cunning in modern times.
Det er gratis at oprette en konto