Australia was not always in the location and shape it is recognized today. Millions of years ago, it was part of the great land mass called Gondwanaland. Later on, the continent of Australia began to drift away from this great land mass and around the Mesozoic era, dinosaurs roamed the land. After the death of dinosaurs, mammals began to dominate and the first signs of mankind can be traced back with the "First Australians", the Aboriginal people.
These Aborigines were entirely isolated from the rest of the world for these 60,000 years. The interesting part of a fact is that why Captain James Cook, who was an English naval officer, called the new land New South Wales. James Cook was not actually from Wales, but he was from Yorkshire in northern England.
Aboriginal settlers were the first documented arrivals to Australia, arriving from Southeast Asia some 40,000 years before European explorers in the 17th century. In 1770, Captain James Cook took possession of the continent on behalf of Great Britain. Over the late 18th and 19th centuries six colonies were created. Soon after, they federated and the Commonwealth of Australia was born in 1901.
At the time of colonization of Australia, Great Britain was in need of new land to place its convicts. After early sightings of Australia by James Cook, it was decided that Australia would become a new British colony where convicts would be sent and used for labor in establishing the new colony. In 1788, the first fleet of ships landed in Botany Bay and so began the colonization of Australia.
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